方法和视域:中国当代生态批评理论构建研究

Methods and Perspectives:A Study on the Construction of Contemporary Eco-criticism Theory in China

中国生态批评理论构建的多维性或者称为“芜杂”,从根本上取决于中国生态批评面对的“中国话语”,其内涵分为两个层面:一是生态环境问题的“中国式现实”和“中国式成因”,二是生态批评理论在中西对话中复杂而又独特的学术资源、思想倾向和文化根基。如果能够在这个基本事实上予以理解和包容,那么我们也可以说中国生态批评理论是充满活力的、多元丰富的,也是具有生成原生自洽潜质的。换而言之,正是由于和西方不同的“中国话语”内涵,使得生态批评在中国形成了不少可以视为“原生性”“创见性”的理论构建特点,具体体现为其理论构建的基本路径是“西学转化”和“古为今用”,其理论的主要视域既强调“自然之维”又突出“人文关怀”,形成了一种温和的“人本生态主义”的主流批评观。

The multi-dimension of the construction of Chinese eco-criticism theory depends fundamentally on the“Chinese discourse”that Chinese eco-criticism faces,and its connotation is divided into two levels:the“Chinese-style reality”and“Chinese-style cause”of eco-environmental problems;the complex and unique academic resources,ideological tendencies and cultural roots of eco-criticism theory in Sino-western dialogue.If we can understand and tolerate this basic fact,then we can say that China’s eco-criticism theory is full of vitality and rich in diversity,and also has the potential to generate original self-consistency.In other words,due to the different features of the connotation of“Chinese discourse”with that of the West,eco-criticism has formed many“original”characteristics of theoretical construction in China,which is embodied in the following two parts.Basic path of its theoretical construction is“adjusting Western learning”and“learning from the past”.The main vision of its theory emphasizes both“the natural dimension”and“humanistic concern”,which forms a gentle,people-oriented ecology of the mainstream criticism.