第二语言学习的双语效应及其认知神经机制

Bilingual effect caused by second language learning and its cognitive neural mechanism

第二语言学习经验对个体认知的影响称为双语效应。其中,对个体认知发展的促进作用称为双语优势效应;与单语者相比,双语在认知中的不足称为双语劣势效应。阐述2种效应在具体实验中的表现方式;从宏观和微观角度,以认知过程中抑制控制为视角对双语优势效应的实质进行分析;进一步通过对近年来功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)相关研究的综述,分析双语优势效应的认知神经机制;最后,从第二语言学习经验与情绪注意偏向的关系分析入手,对未来的研究进行可能性的设计。

The influence of second language learning experience on individual cognition is called bilingual effect,among which,the promotion of individual cognitive development is called bilingual advantage effect,and the deficiency of bilingualism in cognition is called bilingual disadvantage effect.This paper expounds the expression of the two effects in specific experiments,and analyzes the essence of bilingual advantage effect from the perspective of inhibition control in cognitive process from both macro-and micro-aspects.Furthermore,through the review of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)and event-related potential(ERP)in recent years,the cognitive neural mechanism of bilingual dominance effect is analyzed.Finally,this paper analyzes the relationship between second language learning experience and emotional attention bias,and designs the possibility of future research.