语气副词和语气词的三个区别和层次

The Three Differences between Modal Adverbs and Tone Particles and Their Syntactic Level

语气副词和语气词的区别主要表现有三:(1)语音上,语气副词的音节及其成分属于音系,声调是本调,语流里可与调尾同步;语气词具有超音系性,声调几乎都是轻声,语流里位于句调的调尾之后,参与语气结构。(2)句法上,语气副词能作定、宾、补、谓及全句状语,也能作话题和零句,但不参与语气结构;语气词不能作任何句法成分,只能可选性附着述题,强制性与语调或疑标构成语气结构,分工合作表示对述题的"语气+口气"综合值。(3)语义上,语气副词属于情态范畴,是言者指向,表示主观性及其程度;语气词属于语气范畴,是言者/听者指向,表示主观性及其程度和交互主观性。语气词的主观性、语法化程度都高于语气副词。以上三个区别,决定了语气副词是高层谓语,而语气词所在的语气结构属于标句层,句法层次理应高于语气副词。

The difference between modal adverbs and tone particles is mainly manifested in three aspects.(1)The syllables and their components of modal adverbs belong to the phonetic system,the tone is the original tone,and their tone can be synchronized with the tail of the sentence intonation.(2)In syntax,modal adverbs can be used as adverbials for attributives,objects,complements,predicates and the full sentences,can also be used as topics and minor clauses,but they do not participate in the mood structure;tone particles cannot act as any syntactic components,but they can only be attached to the sentence after the comment,and together with the intonation or question mark constitutes the mood structure,the division of labor and cooperation represents the comprehensive value of the"mood and tone".(3)In semantics,modal adverbs belong to the modality category,and are the speaker-oriented,and represent subjectivity and its degree;tone particles belong to mood category,and are the speaker or listener-oriented,and represent subjectivity and its degree and interactive subjectivity.That is,the latter is more subjective and the degree of grammaticalization is higher than the former.