HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

Application of HAZOP combined with What-if method in decoking operation of a delayed coking unit

为克服传统危险与可操作性(HAZOP)定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if(故障假设)方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。

In order to overcome the limitation of traditional hazard and operability(HAZOP)qualitative analysis method in the processes of complex operation and intermittent operation,a method based on the traditional HAZOP qualitative analysis method combined with what-if(fault hypothesis)method was proposed,which supplemented the analysis of risk consequences caused by the human unsafe behavior and incomplete operation procedures.The technical principle,working procedure and other usage details of the method were described in detail,then the difference between this method and traditional HAZOP qualitative analysis method was systematically expounded,and this method was applied in the risk analysis of decoking operation in a delayed coking unit.After the analysis,it was identified that in the“feed water-coke soaking”node,there were two“wrong operating procedure”scenarios,one“not specific operating procedure”scenario,and there was no“operators not following operation procedures”scenario.The method is proved to have an effectiveness in this paper.It can be widely used in the operation procedures/operation instructions review,operation process hidden danger investigation and other aspects,help enterprises carry out the risk identification and management at the operational level,and improve the work safety level of enterprises.