栽培基质中添加砻糠灰对甜瓜生长和果实品质的影响

Effect of Adding Rice Husk Ash to the Cultivation Substrate on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Melon

为减少不可再生资源草炭的使用,降低无土栽培基质生产成本,以甜瓜品种‘羊角蜜’为试验材料,将砻糠灰和市售成品栽培基质按照不同体积比[1∶5(T_(1))、2∶4(T_(2))、3∶3(T_(3))、4∶2(T_(4))、5∶1(T_(5))]进行混配,以未添加砻糠灰的市售成品栽培基质为对照(CK),研究不同配比基质的理化性质及其对甜瓜生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)在市售栽培基质中添加一定量的砻糠灰可显著改善基质通气状况,提高混配基质的pH、电导率(EC),显著抑制基质中微生物数量。(2)与对照相比,适量砻糠灰混配基质能够显著促进甜瓜植株的生长,其中T_(2)处理下,甜瓜植株的株高、根系活力、根冠比相比于CK分别显著提高了14.69%、19.73%、23.08%。(3)在T_(2)处理下,甜瓜叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率显著升高。(4)T_(2)处理下甜瓜横径、纵径、单果重和单株产量与对照相比均显著提高,其单果重增幅达到20.3%,并且果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、蔗糖、葡萄糖等含量显著增加,蔗糖合成酶活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性有明显增强。研究发现,混配适量砻糠灰可有效改善栽培基质理化特性,显著促进甜瓜植株生长,提高甜瓜叶片光合作用能力,改善甜瓜果实品质,并以砻糠灰与市售成品栽培基质体积比为2∶4的混配基质配方最为适宜,可替代传统基质用于甜瓜栽培。

In order to reduce the use of non-renewable resources of peat and the production cost of soilless culture substrates,with the melon variety“Yangjiaomi”as the test material,we mixed the rice husk ash and the commercial finished cultivation substrate according to different volumes[1∶5(T_(1)),2∶4(T_(2)),3∶3(T_(3)),4∶2(T_(4))and 5∶1(T_(5))],and with the commercial finished cultivation substrate without added husked ash as CK,to study the physical and chemical properties of different substrates and their effects on melon growth,leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and fruit quality.The result shows:(1)adding a certain amount of rice husk ash to the commercial finished cultivation substrate can significantly improve the aeration of the substrate,increase the pH and EC(electrical conductivity)of the mixed substrate and observably inhibited the number of microorganisms in the substrate.(2)Compared with CK,the right amount of rice husk ash mixed matrix can significantly promote the growth of melon plants.Among them,under T_(2)treatment,the plant height of the melon plant,root vitality and root shoot ratio significantly increased by 14.69%,19.73%,and 23.08%,respectively.(3)Under T_(2)treatment,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of melon leaves increased significantly.(4)The transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,single fruit weight and yield per plant significantly increased compared with the control,the weight of single fruit of melon increased by 20.3%,and the contents of fruit soluble sugar,soluble solids,soluble protein,sucrose,glucose,etc.increased significantly,sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities had been significantly improved.The study found that mixing proper amount of rice husk ash can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of cultivation matrix,observably increase the photosynthesis ability of melon leaves,and improve the quality of melon fruit.The mixture matrix formula with a volume ratio of 2∶4 between rice husk ash and commercial finished cultivation substrate was the most suitable one,can replace the traditional substrate for melon cultivation.