我国孤寡独居老人的构成及其生活状况研究

A Research on the Composition and living Status of the Elderly Living Alone in China

对我国孤寡独居老人的数量、地区分布、增长速度以及年龄、性别构成进行了研究,并利用国家卫生健康委员会“中国家庭发展追踪调查(CFPS)”数据,分析了2013年我国孤寡独居老人患有慢性病的比例和他们的经济收入及消费情况。研究发现孤寡独居老人的患病概率高于非孤寡老人,经济收入和消费水平低于非孤寡老人。孤寡独居老人面临多重风险,建议政府不仅要在生活和医疗保障方面为老人提供便利,还应通过购买服务的方式为老人提供家政、精神慰藉等服务;社区应建立孤寡独居老人档案,并随时监测;民间组织应帮助解决孤寡独居老人的实际生活困难。

Firstly,the number,regional distribution,growth rate,age and gender composition of the elderly living alone in China are studied.Secondly,using the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)of the National Health Commission,this paper explores the proportion of the elderly living alone with chronic diseases and their economic income and consumption in 2013,and finds that the incidence of diseases of the elderly living alone is higher,and their economic income and consumption level are lower,comparing with those who are not in such a case.Elderly people living alone face multiple risks.It is suggested that the government should not only provide convenience for the elderly in terms of life and medical security,but also provide them with domestic spiritual comfort and other services by purchase.The community should establish archives of the elderly living alone and monitor them at any time.Non-governmental organizations should help solve the practical living difficulties of elderly people living alone.