德性与技术的偏离:道德增强技术的德性伦理批判

Deviation between Virtue and Technology: The Criticism of Virtue Ethics on Moral Enhancement Technology

从身体到精神的自我解构、自我重组、自我增强一直是学界热议的话题。一种诉诸药物、神经刺激、基因编辑以及人工智能等用以增强人类道德的新兴技术手段——"非传统道德增强技术"悄然到来。新兴技术革命为德性论的复兴创造了新的契机,却也带来更多的不确定性,将会引发传统德性论的多重困境:颠倒道德根基、稀释德性价值、偏离德性育养路径、导致德性评价错位。在新兴增强技术背景下,应当倡导技术与德性的良性互动,使德性与技术共生共荣,从而推动人类道德文明的发展进步。

The self-deconstruction, self-recombination and self-enhancement from the body to the spirit have always been a hot topic in the academic field. Arising as a new technology, "non-traditional moral enhancement technology" uses drugs, nerve stimulation, gene editing and artificial intelligence to enhance human morality. The new technological revolution creates a new opportunity for the revival of the theory of virtue, but it also brings more uncertainties, leading to multiple dilemmas of the traditional theory of virtue: reversing the moral foundation, diluting the value of virtue, deviating from the path of virtue cultivation, and leading to the dislocation of virtue evaluation. Under the background of newly enhanced technology, we should advocate the positive interaction between technology and virtue, so that virtue and technology can coexist and flourish together, thus promoting the development and progress of human moral civilization.