从体教结合到体教融合:从资源耦合向制度耦合创新发展

From“Combining”to“Integrating”Sports and Education:an Innovative Development of Shifting from Resource Coupling to Institutional Coupling

习近平总书记高度重视青少年的健康成长,曾多次强调“少年强则中国强,体育强则中国强”,亲自主持中央全面深化改革委员会会议研究青少年体质健康问题,制定“体教融合”政策举措,指明学校体育教育改革和发展基本方向。研究“体教融合”理论,对全面贯彻习近平总书记有关学校体育教育重要指示,深刻推动学校体育改革具有深远意义。采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法等方法,以历史回顾、制度耦合理论来研究分析“体教结合”的起因与变迁,指出“体教结合”的历史成就与现实的局限性。对“体教结合”的性质做出耦合理论分析和解释,认为“体教结合”是一种资源耦合,而“体教融合”是“体教结合”的创新超越,是“体教结合”向“体教融合”创新发展的必然,更是从资源整合向制度耦合创新发展的必然。研究认为,要全面贯彻落实“体教融合”政策,需着重落实以下几方面:全面树立体教融合的制度耦合的理念,摒弃资源耦合路径依赖;改革体教融合的制度冲突,构建制度耦合机制;提高体教融合的制度耦合治理能力,打破融合体制障碍;改变体教融合的制度耦合环境,营造制度耦合社会环境;建立体教融合制度耦合评价机制,提高制度耦合实际效果;推动德智体美劳一体化协同发展,促进青少年健康水平发展,为培养社会主义建设者和接班人作出贡献。

General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the healthy growth of adolescents.He has repeatedly emphasized that“China is strong if young people are strong,and China is strong if sports are strong”.He personally presided over the meeting of the Central Committee for Deepening Overall Reform to study the physical health of adolescents,formulated policies on“integrating sports and education”,and pointed out the basic direction of reforming and developing school physical education.Studying the theory of“integrating sports and education”is of profound significance for fully implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on school physical education and for promoting school physical education reform.Resorting to literature review and logical analysis,this article adopts a retrospective perspective and the theory of institutional coupling to study and analyze the causes of and changes in“combining sports and education”,and points out the historical achievements and practical limitations of“combining sports and education”.The article also analyzes the nature of“combining sports and education”,and holds that"combining sports and education"is a kind of resource coupling,while"integrating sports and education"is an innovation that transcends“combining sports and education”.This is an inevitable development of shifting from“combining sports and education”to“integrating sports and education”,and it is also an innovative development of shifting from resource coupling to institutional coupling.To fully implement the policies on“integrating sports and education”,we must focus on the following aspects:establishing the concept of institutional coupling for integrating sports and education;abandoning the path dependence of resource coupling;reforming the institutional conflicts of integrating sports and education and building an institutional coupling mechanism;improving the governance of the institutional coupling of integrating sports and education and breaking through the institutional barriers to the integration;changing the environment for the institutional coupling of integrating sports and education and creating an enabling social environment for the integration;establishing an evaluation mechanism for the institutional coupling of integrating sports and education to improve the actual effects of institutional coupling;promoting coordinated all-round development,improving the physical health of adolescents,and contributing to cultivating socialist builders and successors.