光伏阵列的微气候特征及其对站区植物生长特性的影响

Microclimate characteristics of photovoltaic arrays and their effects on plant growth in a solar power station area

光伏电站主要改变土壤的温湿度和光照条件,进而改变电站内部植被的生长分布特征。以西宁地区的小型实验光伏电站为研究对象,通过样地调查分析光伏电站内7种植物在不同微型生境区域内的生长高度和分布密度的差异性及其与环境因子的联系。结果表明:光伏阵列间的植被高度显著高于阵列下方各区域内的植被高度(P<0.05);自光伏阵列前端至另一个光伏阵列前端内的植物高度呈周期变化,先降低后增高,最低点在阵列中前端至阵列中端之间;苔藓只分布在阵列中端,苜蓿只分布在阵列间隔处,香薷只分布在阵列下方5个区域;阵列中前端和阵列中后端的植被密度显著低于其他区域(P<0.05);光伏电站内土壤湿度和土壤温度是影响植被密度的主要积极因素,光照强度是影响植被高度的主要积极因素。光伏阵列使得站区内的植物生长和分布趋向于规律化的趋势,降低其正下方的土壤湿度,提高土壤温度;降低植被的高度和密度,提升物种丰富度。

Photovoltaic power station mainly changes soil temperature and moisture and illumination condition,with consequences on vegetation growth and distribution.We investigated the height and density of seven plant species in different microhabitat areas and their relationship with environmental factors at a small experimental photovoltaic power station in Xining.Plant height between the interval areas of photovoltaic arrays and the areas was higher than that below photovoltaic arrays(P<0.05).From the front end of the photovoltaic array to the front end of the other,plant height changed periodically,which first decreased and then increased,and the lowest was between the front end and the middle end of the arrays.Bryophytes were only distributed in the middle of the arrays.Medicago sativa L.was distributed only in the interval of the arrays.Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland.was distributed only in the five areas below the arrays.The plant density at the front end and the back end of the arrays was significantly lower than that of other areas(P<0.05).Soil moisture and temperature in the photovoltaic power station were the main positive factors affecting plant density,while the illumination intensity was the main positive factor affecting plant height.The photovoltaic arrays made plant growth and distribution in the station area tend to be regular,by reducing soil moisture and increasing soil temperature,reducing plant height and density and improving species richness.