播期对不同基因型小麦生育期、产量和品质性状的影响

Effects of sowing date on growth period,yield,and quality-related traits of different genotypic wheat varieties

以8个不同基因型小麦为材料,研究了3种播期处理对小麦生育期、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:随着播期推迟,不同品种的生育期均显著缩短,且播种至拔节期的变化最为明显,其次为散粉至成熟期,但不同冬春性小麦品种受播期影响的阶段存在一定差异;在产量方面,早播条件下,不同品种小麦的穗数会增加,其中冬性小麦品种可育小穗数最多,因此适当早播可以提高冬性品种小麦的产量;而晚播能增加弱春性品种小麦可育小穗数;小麦籽粒蛋白质含量随播期推迟变化相对较小,而湿面筋含量则随播期的推迟大致表现出下降的趋势,冬春性相同的小麦品种的籽粒硬度对播期响应基本一致。在两年试验中,小麦的品质性状表现出明显的基因型效应和年际间差异,其原因尚需进一步研究。

We examined the effects of three sowing dates on the growth period,yield,and quality of eight genotypic varieties of wheat.Results showed that growth period of different varieties was significantly shortened with the postponement of sowing date,and that the change from sowing to jointing stage was the most obvious stage,followed by the pollinating to ripening stage.The stages affected by sowing date differed to a certain extent among wheat varieties with different winterness-springness characteristics.In terms of yield,the spike number of different wheat varieties increased under early sowing condition,with the number of fertile spikelets being the most in winterness wheat varieties.Therefore,proper early sowing can increase the yield of winterness wheat varieties.Under late sowing condition,the number of fertile spikelets in weak-springness varieties was also increased.The protein content of wheat grains had relatively small changes,while the wet gluten content generally showed a downward trend with the delay of sowing date.Wheat varieties with the same winterness-springness characteristics had similar response to sowing date with respect to grain hardness.In the two-year trials,the quality traits of wheat showed obvious genotypic effects and inter-annual variations.Further research is needed to clarify the reasons.