儿童青少年精神障碍患者睡眠不足及相关因素

Status of sleep insufficiency and related factors in children and adolescents with mental disorders

目的探讨儿童青少年精神障碍患者睡眠不足的现况及相关影响因素。方法选取2021年2月-6月就诊于阜阳市第三人民医院且符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症、抑郁障碍、童年情绪障碍诊断标准的131例儿童青少年患者为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷收集患者的一般人口学资料、睡眠情况、生活情况、家庭和学校情况等信息,比较睡眠充足组和睡眠不足组人口学资料的差异,采用Spearman法分析患者睡眠不足的相关因素。结果①在131例儿童青少年精神障碍患者中,93例(71.0%)存在睡眠不足,睡眠不足组与睡眠充足组在疾病类别(χ^(2)=8.798,P=0.012)、近6个月内被打(χ^(2)=3.427,P=0.035)或被骂(χ^(2)=4.145,P=0.031)以及一年内遭受网络欺凌(χ^(2)=4.187,P=0.041)方面,差异均有统计学意义。②在睡眠不足的患者中,77例(82.8%)存在入睡困难,69例(74.2%)存在夜间多醒。③儿童青少年精神障碍患者睡眠不足与近6个月内有被骂经历(r=0.210,P=0.037)或被打经历(r=0.145,P=0.023)以及一年内遭受网络欺凌(r=0.179,P=0.041)呈正相关。结论儿童青少年精神障碍患者睡眠不足的发生风险较高,且与抑郁障碍、有被打和被骂经历、经受过网络欺凌相关。

Objective To investigate the status of sleep insufficiency in children and adolescents with mental disorders and related influencing factors.Methods A total of 131 children and adolescents who were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Fuyang from February to June 2021 and met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)for schizophrenia,depression or childhood-onset mood disorders were selected as the research subjects.A self-compiled questionnaire was used to collect the general demographic information,sleep status,lifestyle habits,family and school status of the selected individuals.The demographic information was compared between sleep sufficiency group and sleep insufficiency group.Spearman rank correlation was used to screen the influencing factors.Results①Among 131 children and adolescents with mental disorders,93 cases(71.0%)had sleep insufficiency.There were significant differences between sleep insufficiency group and sleep sufficiency group in terms of disease types(χ^(2)=8.798,P=0.012),experience of being beaten in recent 6 months(χ^(2)=3.427,P=0.035),being scolded in recent 6 months(χ^(2)=4.145,P=0.031),and cyberbullying over the past year(χ^(2)=4.187,P=0.041).②Among patients with sleep insufficiency,77 cases(82.8%)reported difficulty in falling asleep and 69 cases(74.2%)reported nocturnal awakenings.③Sleep insufficiency in children and adolescents with mental disorders was positively correlated with the experience of being scolded(r=0.210,P=0.037)or beaten(r=0.145,P=0.023)over the past 6 months and cyberbullying over the past year(r=0.179,P=0.041).Conclusion Children and adolescents with mental disorders suffer a high risk of sleep insufficiency,and is closely associated with depressive disorder,experience of being scolded or beaten over the past 6 months,and cyberbullying over the past year.