传统村落野生动植物物种多样性及相关资源利用特征分析——以贵州省贵阳市花溪区镇山村大寨为例

Analysis of Wildlife Species Diversity and Related Resources Utilization Characteristics in Traditional Villages:The Case of Dazhai,Zhenshan Village,Huaxi District,Guiyang City,in Guizhou Province

传统村落作为生物多样性与传统文化高度耦合的地区,在生物资源的保护与利用上发挥着重要作用。为深入了解传统村落在生物多样性和文化多样性保护方面的维持机制,本研究以贵州省贵阳市花溪区镇山村大寨为例,对传统村落的本底生物资源及利用特征进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)镇山村大寨分布有野生维管植物110科303种,主要优势科为禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae),区系组成主要以热带性质科为主;其中,榉树(Zelkova schneideriana)被列为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物;(2)野生脊椎动物43科81种,区系和分布型以东洋界和东洋型占主要地位;其中,列为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物4种,中国脊椎动物红色名录8种,CITES附录Ⅱ4种;(3)传统利用生物资源87种,分为食用资源、药用资源、庭院观赏资源、建筑用资源和文化习俗资源等5大类,涉及植物75种、动物12种,占本底物种多样性总数的22.66%,呈现以野生植物利用为主导的利用特征。

Traditional village,as areas where biodiversity and traditional culture are highly coupled,plays an important role in the protection and utilization of biological resources.We surveyed the diversity and the utilization of biological resources in Dazhai,Zhenshan Village,Huaxi District,Guizhou Province,to further understand the maintenance mechanism of traditional villages in biodiversity and cultural diversity protection.The results showed that:(1)There were 110 families and 303 species of wild vascular plants distributed in Dazhai,Zhenshan Village.The main dominant families were Poaceae,Asteraceae,Fabaceae,Lamiaceae and Rosaceae.The composition of the flora was dominated by tropical species.Among them,Zelkova schneideriana was listed as the national second-grade protection species of wild plant.(2)There were 81 species of wild vertebrates belonging to 43 families,the fauna and distribution type were dominated by Oriental realm and Oriental type.Four species were listed as national second-grade protection species of wild animals,8 species were listed in the Red List of Chinese Vertebrates,and 4 species were listed in CITES Appendix Ⅱ.(3)There were 87 wildlife species,including 75 plant and 12 animal species being used traditionally,accounting for 22.66% of the total number of wildlife species in this area.The traditional biological resources were classified into 5 major categories including edible resources,medicinal resources,garden ornamental resources,architectural resources and cultural customary resources,and they are mainly characterized by the utilization of wild plants.