明朝职务犯罪的刑法规制

The Criminal Regulations of Duty Crimes in Ming Dynasty

明朝对职务犯罪的刑法规制是建立在深刻的社会背景以及统治者因素的基础上的。明朝通过颁布《大明律》《明大诰》《问刑条例》等法律对如何规制职务犯罪作出了具体规定。其对职务犯罪的类型设置可以从主体类型和行为类型两个方面予以观之。在对职务犯罪予以规制时,明朝不仅反映出重典治吏的思想,同时在罪名设置以及刑罚设置方面也独具特点。因封建官僚政治体制固有的局限性,虽然明朝对职务犯罪的刑法规制产生了一定的积极效果,但是其仍然无法避免由此带来的消极效果。

The criminal regulations of duty crimes in Ming Dynasty were based on the profound social background and the ruling factors. The Ming Dynasty made specific provisions on how to regulate duty crimes by promulgating the Da Ming Law, the Ming Da Gao, and the Wenxing Rules. The types of duty crimes can be viewed from two aspects: subject type and behavior type. In the regulation of duty crimes, Ming Dynasty not only reflected the idea of punishing officials with heavy punishment, but also had its own characteristics in the setting of crimes and penalties. Due to the inherent limitations of the feudal bureaucratic political system, although the Ming Dynasty’s criminal law regulation of duty crimes had a certain positive effects, it still could not avoid the negative effects thereof.