外泌体在胆道恶性肿瘤诊治中应用进展

Application of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma

胆道恶性肿瘤近年来发病率不断升高,其早期诊断困难,发现时常为晚期,根治性切除率低,且对放化疗不敏感,预后较差。外泌体是一类直径30~150 nm的细胞外囊泡,其中富含核酸(包括DNA,RNA),蛋白质,脂质等内容物,介导了细胞间和细胞与周围环境间的通讯,参与了胆道恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、转移以及微环境改变等,并为临床诊治提供了新的方向。

Bile tract carcinoma(BTC) has increasingly incidence in recent years.It is often diagnosed in advanced stages with low radical resection rate.In addition,bile tract carcinoma is not sensitive to chemoradiotherapy and has a poor prognosis.Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles(EV) with a diameter between 30-150 nm.They encapsulated lots of contents,such as nucleic acids(including DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids and so on.And they are entitled the mediate messengers,which communicate between cells themselves and the surrounding environments.They participate in the occurrence,development,metastasis,and microenvironment changes of tumors,providing new directions for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma.