新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控环境下皖西南农村居民心理健康状况调查

Mental health status of rural residents in Southwest Anhui province during prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019

目的探究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间皖西南地区农村居民的心理健康状况及影响因素。方法采用自编一般情况调查表和90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)于2020年2月1日至5日对皖西南地区766名农村居民进行网络问卷调查。比较不同人口学信息的居民之间心理健康状况的差异,并采用logistic回归分析筛选心理健康的影响因素。结果发放在线问卷887份,回收有效问卷766份,有效率为86.4%。COVID-19疫情期间皖西南地区农村居民的心理问题发生率为23.2%(178/766),主要表现为强迫(15.1%,116/766)、人际关系敏感(9.0%,69/766)和睡眠与饮食问题(8.5%,65/766)。COVID-19疫情期间,农村居民的SCL-90各因子分均低于中国常模,其中躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性和"其他"因子分与常模比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=0.977,95% CI 0.965~0.989)、受教育程度(OR=0.693,95% CI 0.497~0.966)、家庭结构完整与否(OR=1.934,95% CI 1.223~3.059)、对疫情知识的了解程度(OR=0.948,95% CI 0.914~0.983)是COVID-19疫情期间农村居民心理健康的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论 COVID-19疫情期间,皖西南地区农村居民的心理健康状况较好,应加强对易感人群的关注,进一步普及疫情相关知识,维护疫情时期农村居民的心理健康。

Objective To explore the mental health status of rural residents in Southwest Anhui province and its influencing factors during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) epidemic. Methods A total of 766 rural residents in Southwest Anhui province completed the self-made general information questionnaire and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) online from Feb. 1 to Feb. 5, 2020. The mental health status was compared among the residents with different demographic information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of mental health. Results A total of 887 online questionnaires were sent out, and 766 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 86.4%. The incidence of psychological problems in the rural residents in Southwest Anhui province was 23.3%(178/766) during the COVID-19 epidemic. The main manifestations were compulsion(15.1%, 116/766), interpersonal sensitivity(9.0%, 69/766), and sleep and diet problems(8.5%, 65/766). All factor scores of SCL-90 of the rural residents were lower than the national norm, and the scores for somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, psychotic, and "other" factors were significantly different from the norm(all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(odds ratio [OR]=0.977, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.965-0.989), education level(OR=0.693, 95% CI 0.497-0.966), family structure(OR=1.934, 95% CI 1.223-3.059) and the knowledge about the epidemic(OR=0.948, 95% CI 0.914-0.983) were the influencing factors of mental health(all P<0.05). Conclusion During the COVID-2019 epidemic, the mental health of the rural residents in Southwest Anhui province is good. It is important to pay more attention to the susceptible population and further popularize the knowledge about COVID-19 epidemic and maintain good mental health of rural residents during the epidemic.