贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区草本植物区系及物种多样性研究

Flora and Species Diversity of Herbaceous Plants in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou

该研究以宽阔水国家级自然保护区野生草本植物为研究对象,依据不同生境类型共选取10个样地进行调查,分析草本植物物种组成、区系特点及物种多样性的变化规律,为保护区草本植物物种多样性研究提供基础资料。结果表明:(1)样地内共有草本植物58科183属277种(含种下分类单位),以菊科(Asteraceae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)和荨麻科(Urticaceae)为优势科;以凤仙花属(Impatiens)、堇菜属(Viola)、蓼属(Persicaria)和冷水花属(Pilea)为优势属。(2)在分布区类型中,科的热带分布成分最多,这与保护区所处的中亚热带植被环境的特点相吻合,属的温带地理分布比重最大(61.69%),但温带分布属内含种数较少,均以单种属为主,相反热带分布属的种数较多,并且属级在区系性质的分析中和科级相比更为敏感和可靠;由科和属的性质递变来看,热带性与温带性成分相互渗透,有较明显的过渡特征,属级的地理分布反映出保护区草本植物区系属于亚热带向暖温带过渡分布的性质。(3)各样地中草本植物群落组成有较大的差异,不同样地草本植物群落的α多样性指数与丰富度指数的变化格局不完全一致,但总体变化趋势是一致的,均在样地7的草本植物群落中达到峰值;相异性系数和Cody指数变化格局较为一致,总体呈现上升的趋势;样地8中草本植物多样性指数偏低,受人为干扰因素影响较大。

The community of wild herbaceous plants in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object.According to different habitat types and environmental gradients,we selected 10 plots for investigation,to understand plant species composition,flora characteristics,and species diversity of the herbaceous community in this reserve and provide basic information for the ecosystems.The results showed that:(1)the herbaceous plant composition was relatively rich and the total 277 species belonged to 58 families and 183 genera,with Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Poaceae and Urticaceae being dominant families.The preponderant genera were Impatiens,Viola,Persicaria,Pilea.(2)In the distribution area type,the tropical distribution component of families is the most,this is consistent with the characteristics of the vegetation environment in the middle subtropical zone.The temperate geographical distribution proportion of genera is the largest(61.69%),but they contain less species,and are dominated by single species.On the contrary,there are more species in tropical distribution genera,and the analysis of the floristic nature of the genus level is more sensitive and reliable than that of the family level.From the perspective of the gradual change of the nature of family and genus,the tropical and temperate elements infiltrate each other and have obvious transitional characteristics.Therefore,the geographical distribution of the genus level reflects that the herbaceous ornamental flora in the Nature Reserve belongs to the nature of the transition from subtropical to warm temperate.(3)There are great differences in the composition of herbaceous plant community among different plots,The variation patterns of diversity and richness of wild herbaceous plant communities were not identical,but the overall trend is the same.Both diversity and richness were maximized in plot 7.The change trend ofβdiversity coefficient and Cody index of plant community was basically the same,and showed an upward pattern on the whole.The diversity index of herbaceous plants in plot 8 was low,which was greatly affected by human disturbance.