建党一百年来我国高校学生资助政策变革的历程、逻辑与展望

The Course,Logic and Prospect of the Reform of Chinese University Student Financial Aid Policy in the Past One Hundred Years Since the Founding of the Communist Party of China

高校学生资助是对经济困难学生进行成本补偿的一种有效方式,也是保障高等教育平稳健康发展的一项重要制度安排。建党一百年以来,我国高校学生资助政策与高等教育相伴相长,经历了公费教育、人民助学金、人民助学金与奖学金并存、以奖学金为主、政府主导的多元混合资助体系五个阶段。在政策发展过程中,表现出公平、效益和激励并重的资助理念,由单一化到多样化的资助方式,由行政主导到重视多方参与的政府职能,国际化借鉴与本土化实践的政策生成等演变逻辑。未来一段时间,我国高校学生资助政策依然存有进一步完善的空间,表现为推进政府立法实践以实现学生资助业务的"有法可依",确立合理的贫困生认定方式以提升学生资助精准化水平,健全学生资助育人机制以强化对大学生的道德教育,关注贫困学生学业表现以全面提升其就业能力,从而进一步发挥资助政策的整体有效性。

Student financial assistance in colleges and universities is an effective way to compensate students with financial difficulties,and also an important institutional arrangement to ensure the smooth and healthy development of higher education.In the past one hundred years since the founding of the Communist Party of China,Chinese university student financial aid policy has been accompanied by the development of higher education,and had gone through five stages,including public education,people’s scholarship,people’s scholarship and scholarship coexistence,scholarship-based and government-led multiple mixed funding system.In the process of policy development,it demonstrates the concept of funding that pays equal attention to fairness,benefits,and incentives.The funding methods have changed from simplification to diversification,government functions have changed from administrative leadership to multi-party participation,and the evolution of policy generation based on internationalization and localization practices.For a period of time in the future,there is still room for further improvement of the university student financial aid policy,which is manifested in the promotion of government legislation to realize the"laws to follow"in the student funding business,and the establishment of a reasonable method of identifying poor students to improve the level of precision student funding.Improve the student funding education mechanism to strengthen the moral education of college students,pay attention to the academic performance of poor students to comprehensively improve their employability,so as to further exert the overall effectiveness of the financial aid policy.