类脑脉冲神经网络及其神经形态芯片研究综述

A review of brain-like spiking neural network and its neuromorphic chip research

在类脑人工智能高速发展、电磁环境日益复杂的现状下,最具有仿生特性和抗干扰性的脉冲神经网络在计算速度、实时信息处理、时空数据处理上表现出巨大的潜能。脉冲神经网络是类脑人工智能的核心之一,通过模拟生物体神经网络结构和信息传递方式来实现类脑计算。本文首先总结五种神经元模型的优缺点和适用性,分析五种网络拓扑结构的特征;其次综述脉冲神经网络算法,从无监督学习和有监督学习两个角度总结基于突触可塑性规则的无监督学习算法和四类监督学习算法;最后重点综述国内外在研的类脑神经形态芯片。本文旨在通过系统性的总结,为初入脉冲神经网络研究领域的同行提供学习思路和研究方向。

Under the current situation of the rapid development of brain-like artificial intelligence and the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment, the most bionic and anti-interference spiking neural network has shown great potential in computing speed, real-time information processing, and spatiotemporal data processing. Spiking neural network is the core part of brain-like artificial intelligence, which realizes brain-like computing by simulating the structure of biological neural network and the way of information transmission. This article first summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the five models, and analyzes the characteristics of several network topologies. Then, it summarizes the spiking neural network algorithms. The unsupervised learning based on spike timing dependent plasticity(STDP) rules and four types of supervised learning algorithms are analyzed. Finally, the research on brain-like neuromorphic chips at home and abroad are reviewed. This paper aims to provide learning ideas and research directions for new colleagues in the field of spiking neural network.