2014—2019年上海市学校报告突发传染病事件流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of outbreak of infectious diseases reported in schools of Shanghai,2014‒2019

【目的】分析2014—2019年上海市学校报告突发传染病事件的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。【方法】收集“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”中上海市2014—2019年报告的学校突发传染病事件数据资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行特征。【结果】2014—2019年上海市学校共报告突发传染病事件82起,报告发病1760人,死亡2人;总体呈双峰分布,主要发生在3—6月和9—12月;托幼机构和小学报告的事件最多,分别为35起和25起;手足口病和水痘是报告最多的病种,分别占48.78%和46.34%;事件报告及时性与持续时间和波及范围均呈正相关,事件报告越迟,持续时间越长,波及范围越大。【结论】托幼机构和小学是学校突发传染病事件的高发场所,应进一步加强监测和免疫接种管理,及早报告并开展处置有利于防止疫情的扩散和蔓延。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreak of infectious diseases reported in schools in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019,and to suggest related strategies for efficient response to public health emergencies.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the outbreak of infectious diseases reported in schools in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019.[Results]A total of 82 infectious disease emergencies were reported in schools in Shanghai during 2014 and 2019,involving 1760 disease cases and 2 deaths.The incidence peaks in each year were from March to June and from September to December.The events mainly occurred in kindergartens and primary schools,with 35 and 25 incidences respectively.The main types of events were hand-foot-and-mouth disease and chickenpox,accounting for 48.78%and 46.34%of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in school,respectively.The time it took to report the events was positively correlated to the duration and the scale of the events.The sooner the epidemic was reported,the shorter it lasted.[Conclusion]The kindergartens and primary schools are the places with a high incidence of infectious diseases reported in schools.Measures such as regular surveillance,vaccination management,early reporting and effective handling should be executed at the early stage so as to prevent the spread of the epidemics.