共生理论视角下农村互助养老服务供给困境及优化策略——以“H村老年关爱之家”为例

The supply dilemma and optimization strategy of rural mutual pension service from the perspective of symbiosis theory:Take“H village elderly care home”as an example

农村互助养老服务作为家庭养老服务和社会养老服务的一项补充,旨在充分挖掘农村老年人力资源,构建互助养老模式,为解决农村空巢、高龄化的养老难题提供新思路。H村老年关爱之家近10年的运营中面临供给主体力量薄弱、寄生式的供给模式和不利的外部环境等不利因素,导致H村互助养老发展受限。运用共生理论的分析框架,从共生单元、共生模式以及共生环境结合互助养老服务供给主体、供给模式和供给环境剖析老年关爱之家互助服务供给困境及原因,从建立责任共担的共生单元、构建对称性互惠供给的共生模式、营造互惠共生的发展环境等方面提出有效促进互助养老服务供给的策略,以期破解农村养老难题。

As a supplement of family and social pension service,rural mutual pension service aims to fully tap elderly human resourc⁃es of rural elderly,build a mutual pension model,and provide new ideas for solving problems of empty nest and aging pension in rural areas.In recent ten years,the elderly care home in H village has fall into the development dilemma because of the weak supply body,parasitic supply mode and unfavorable external environment.This paper used the symbiosis theory to analyze the difficulties and rea⁃sons of elderly care home mutual aid service supply with the symbiotic unit,symbiotic mode and symbiotic environment.It put forward strategies to effectively promote the supply of mutual pension services from the aspects of establishing a symbiotic unit of shared respon⁃sibility,constructing a symbiotic model of symmetrical and mutually beneficial supply,and creating a mutually beneficial symbiotic development environment,in order to solve the problem of rural pension.