涉区块链智能合约诈骗犯罪的司法困境与进路

Judicial Dilemma and Solution of Fraud Involving Blockchain Smart Contracts

我国首例利用区块链"智能合约"实施诈骗犯罪案件的发生,预示着一种新型犯罪活动的正式诞生。"智能合约"相比于一般合约,具有安全性、智能性、经济性等的特征,这些特征有助于推动"智能合约"的普及与发展,但同时也将为司法机关在处理依靠"智能合约"实施的诈骗犯罪时带来司法困境。具体而言,司法困境可分别通过"法条竞合"问题、"合同"认定问题以及"欺诈行为"认定问题等三个方面进行论述。针对司法困境,可分别从立法及司法两个方面作切入点以寻求进路。

The first case of using blockchain smart contracts to implement fraud crime in China indicates the birth of a new type of criminal activity. Compared with the general contracts, smart contract has the characteristics of security, intelligence and economy. These features help to promote the popularization and development of smart contracts, but at the same time, it also brings judicial dilemma when the judicial organs deal with the crime of fraud relying on smart contract. Specifically, the judicial dilemma can be discussed from three aspects: the concurrence of legal provisions, the identification of contract and the determination of fraud.In view of the judicial dilemma, we can find solutions from the legislative and judicial aspects.