加工中心三轴联动精度测量方法研究

Research on accuracy measuring method of three-axis simultaneous movement

针对三轴加工中心精度测量时,现有球杆仪测量方法仅可通过两两联动分别测量效率较低的问题,根据球杆仪结构与测量特性,提出了一种基于球杆仪的三轴联动精度测量方法。通过推导球杆仪长度求解的运动方程,在此基础上构建包含机床结构和误差参数求解的数学模型,依据球杆仪测量需求及三轴加工运动特性开展轨迹规划设计,确定以空间四叶螺旋线为三轴联动测量轨迹。以某三轴加工中心为对象开展算例研究,与三轴间两两联动方法结果对比,证明此三轴联动测量方法可通过单次运动过程有效测量垂直度、比例不匹配、反向间隙及反向越冲等多项精度指标,提高三轴加工中心精度测量效率。

For three-axis machining center accuracy,the existing ballbar measurement methods is very inefficient by only measure two-by-two linkages.According to the structure and measurement characteristics of the ballbar,a ballbar-based three-axis linkage accuracy measurement method is proposed.By deriving the equation of motion solved by the length of the ballbar,a mathematical model including the structure of the machine tool and solving the error parameters is constructed,and the trajectory planning is carried out according to the measurement requirements of the ballbar and the motion characteristics of the three-axis machining,and it is determined that the space four-lobe spiral is the three axis Linkage measurement trajectory.Taking a three-axis machining center as the object,and comparing the results of the two-to-two linkage method between three axes,it is proved that this three-axis linkage measurement method can effectively measure multiple accuracy indicators such as the verticality,proportion mismatch,backlash and reverse overshoot,improve the accuracy measurement efficiency of the three-axis machining center.