土壤养分与澳洲坚果果实内含物间的相关性分析

Correlation between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Contents of Macadamia

为了探究澳洲坚果桂热1号种植基地土壤养分与果实内含物之间的相关性,为种植基地科学施肥、提高肥料利用效率提供参考依据。采集广西崇左龙州县、南宁横县、梧州岑溪市3个澳洲坚果种植基地土壤与果实样品,测定土壤养分(全磷、全钙、锌、铁和硒)与果实内含物(钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、磷、硒、可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸总量)指标,采用相关性分析方法,筛选影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子。结果发现,龙州基地全磷含量属于高水平(0.86 g/kg),其余基地属于低水平(0.23~0.30 g/kg);3个基地土壤锌含量都达到很高水平(32.2~177 mg/kg);龙州基地铁含量属于中水平(7.67%),其余基地属于低水平(2.92%~3.16%)。龙州和横县基地均属于富硒土壤(0.84~0.86 mg/kg)。不同基地果实钾含量为370~475 mg/100g,钙含量为42.1~57.5 mg/100g,镁含量为93.3~106.3 mg/100g,铁含量为14.0~18.7 mg/kg,锌含量为10.9~12.4 mg/kg,磷含量为151~206 mg/100g,硒含量为0.09~0.23 mg/kg,可溶性糖含量为2.78~3.08 g/100g,蛋白质含量为8.69~9.33 g/100g,脂肪含量为69.6~83.1 g/100g,氨基酸总量为7.98~8.44 g/100g。其中,龙州基地钙、铁、硒、蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸总量最高,其余的果实品质指标都是横县基地最高,岑溪基地的果实品质指标都是最低或者居中。果实中蛋白质含量与土壤养分中全磷含量呈极显著正相关(r=1.000),与土壤中全钙、锌和铁含量也达到显著正相关(r=0.998-0.999);果实中可溶性糖含量与土壤中硒含量呈极显著负相关(r=-1.000);果实中氨基酸总量与土壤中硒含量相关系数(0.990)较高;果实中脂肪与土壤中全磷、全钙、锌和铁含量相关系数(0.911-0.933不等)也较高。土壤养分与果实矿质元素含量没有显著的相关性,澳洲坚果果实中的可溶性糖和氨基酸总量主要受土壤硒含量的影响,蛋白质和脂肪主要受土壤全磷、全钙、锌、铁的影响。

We explored the relationship between soil nutrients and fruit contents of macadamia Guire 1 to provide reference for scientific fertilization and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency in macadamia planting base.The samples of soil and fruit were collected from the macadamia planting base in Longzhou,Hnegxian and Cenxi.Soil nutrients(P,Ca,Zn,Fe and Se)and fruit contents(K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,Se,soluble sugar,protein,fat and amino acid)were measured,and the key factors affecting fruit quality were screened by correlation analysis.Results showed that the soil total P content in Longzhou base was high(0.86 g/kg),while that in other bases was low(0.23~0.30 g/kg).The soil zinc contents in the three bases were very high(32.2~177 mg/kg).The soil Fe content in Longzhou base was at the medium level(7.67%),while that in the other bases was at the low level(2.92%~3.16%).Soils in Longzhou and Hengxian bases were rich in Se(0.84~0.86 mg/kg).In the fruits from different bases,the content of K was 370~475 mg/100g,Ca was 42.1~57.5 mg/100g,Mg was 93.3~106.3 mg/100g,Fe was 14.0~18.7 mg/kg,Zn was 10.9~12.4 mg/kg,P was 151~206 mg/kg,Se was 0.09~0.23 mg/kg,soluble sugar was 2.78~3.08 g/100g,protein was 8.69~9.33 g/100g,fat was 69.6~83.1 g/100g,and total amino acid was 7.98~8.44 g/100g.Among them,the total amounts of Ca,Fe,Se,protein,fat and amino acid were the highest in fruits from Longzhou base,the contents of K,Mg,Zn,P,soluble sugar were the highest in fruits from Hengxian base,and the indexes in fruits from Cenxi base were the lowest or middle.The protein content in fruit was positively correlated with the total P content(r=1.000),and the contents of Ca,Zn and Fe(r=0.998-1.000)in soil.The soluble sugar content in fruit was negatively correlated with the Se content in soil(r=-1.000).The correlation coefficient between total amino acid content in fruit and Se content in soil was higher(0.990).The correlation coefficient between the fat in fruit and the contents of total P,Ca,Zn and Fe in soil was also higher(0.91-0.933).There was no significant correlation between soil nutrients and mineral element content in fruit.The contents of soluble sugar and amino acid in fruit were mainly affected by Se in soil,and protein and fat were mainly affected by K,Ca,Zn and Fe in soil.