香蕉种植园土壤管理防控枯萎病的研究进展

Research Progress on Soil Management and Control of Fusarium Wilt in Banana Plantations

香蕉枯萎病在全球香蕉种植区广泛分布,给香蕉产业带来了严重打击,其防控技术研究成为香蕉生产领域关注的热点,目前的防控措施主要有种植抗病品种、化学防治、生物防治、轮作。香蕉枯萎病作为一种土传真菌病害,蕉地土壤管理贯穿整个防控过程。文章重点介绍了近年来通过向土壤施用抗菌剂、添加生物菌剂、科学施肥以及轮作对香蕉枯萎病防控效果的研究进展,以期为香蕉枯萎病综合防控的深入研究提供参考。抗菌剂多菌灵对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制率达到82.9%,解淀粉芽孢菌将香蕉枯萎病的发病率降至15%以下,生物菌肥将香蕉枯萎病的发病率降至10%以下,香蕉与甘蔗、韭菜、辣椒轮作将香蕉枯萎病的发病率降至5%以下,四种方法对香蕉枯萎病的防控均表现出良好效果。

Banana wilt is widely distributed in banana growing regions around the world,which has dealt a severe blow to the banana industry.Research on the prevention and control technology of banana fusarium wilt has become a hot spot in banana production field.The main control measures include planting resistant varieties,chemical control,biological control and crop rotation.Banana fusarium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease,so soil management of banana field runs through the whole prevention and control process.This paper reviews the research progress on the control effect of banana fusarium wilt by applying antimicrobial agents,adding biological bactericides,fertilizing scientifically and crop rotation in recent years,providing reference for further research on comprehensive prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt disease.The inhibition rate of carbendazim to banana fusarium wilt was 82.9%.Amylolytic bacillus,bio-bacterial fertilizer and the rotation of bananas with sugarcane,leeks and chilies reduced the incidence of banana fusarium wilt to less than 15%,10%and 5%,respectively.The above four methods showed good effects on the control of banana fusarium wilt.