从无偿援助到互利合作:新中国援藏政策转型的理性思考

From Free Aid to Mutual Beneficial Cooperation:Rational Thinking on Tibet Policy Transformation of New China

新中国成立后中央政府援藏政策发展历程,大体经历了三个发展阶段,即和平解放后的无偿援助,改革开放以来的对口支援,进入新世纪后的互利合作。从无偿援助到互利合作,客观上反映了西藏经济社会发展的时代进程。在现阶段尽管对口支援框架下的合作仍然是西藏与内地合作的主要方式,但是在多年的实践中经不断调整,援藏政策已经从"输血"型向"造血"型演变,从"帮助"向"帮扶"转变。援藏政策的目标已经转向提高西藏自身的发展能力,而这种转向暗含了互利合作的导向。从长远看,互利合作水平的提高,对推动西藏可持续发展,真正实现长治久安具有重大意义。

The Tibet policy of new China roughly experienced three development stages that are free aid stage after peacefully liberation,partner assistance after reform and opening, beneficial cooperation of new era. The process from free aid to mutual beneficial cooperation objectively reflects the progress of economical and social development of Tibet. The cooperation under the framework of partner assistance is still the main way between Tibet and hinterland, but that was constantly adjusted in the practice, Tibet policy has been evolved from blood transfusion to hemopoiesis, from helping to assisting. The target of the policy has been turned to improve the ability to develop of Tibet, and the turning implied inclining of mutual beneficial cooperation. On a long view, level improvement of cooperation can promote the sustainable development of Tibet and be meaningful for truly achieving lasting peace and stability.