张其昀的西北行及其西北开发思想

Zhang Qiyun’ Trip to the Northwest and His Idea on Developing Northwest

1934—1935年,著名史地学家张其昀受国民政府国防设计委员会委托赴西北考察,以作为国民政府西北开发规划之基础。他以兰州为中心,西至敦煌,南越秦岭,北上蒙古高原,获得了大量西北尤其是甘青的人文地理资料。据此,张其昀提出西北地广人稀、资源丰富、人文复杂、历史悠久,极具开发价值;西北开发应以工业化为目标,以交通建设为前提,大力发展工业中心,从而带动农业的现代转型;更要特别注意西北民族问题,采取积极措施,通过发展促进民族平等与民族融合。张其昀的科学调查,深化了时人对西北的认知,推动着西北开发思想的现代转向。

From 1934 to 1935, Zhang Qiyun, the famous geographic historian, was commissioned by the National government to go to northwest for investigation and that was for the aim to lay a foundation for developing northwest. He centered on Lanzhou, west to Dunhuang, south to Qingling Mountains, north to Mongolian and obtained great deal of Human geographic data of northwest, especially that of Gansu and Qinghai. Based on the data, he proposed that northwest is valuable to develop for its vast land and sparse population,rich resources, complex culture and long history, and the exploitation should target on industry, be on the premise of transportation construction, vigorously develop industry center for driving the modern transformation of agriculture, special attention should be paid to the ethnic problems in the area and take positive measures to promote ethnic equality and integration. Zhang Qiyun’s scientific investigation deepened people’s understanding about northwest at that time and pushed the idea on exploiting northwest to modern inclination.