近代传教士在四川藏族聚居区的活动及其社会影响--以教育、医疗、慈善为考察中心

Activities of Missionaries in Tibetan Areas in Sichuan in Modern Time and the Social Impact of That--Investigation Centered on Education, Medical Treatment and Charity

近代四川藏族聚居区虽然交通不便,但因其毗邻西藏的特殊地理位置,而被视为从内地进入西藏的桥头堡,因此,也成为英国、法国、俄国等国家频繁活动的区域之一。通过不平等条约,资本主义国家获得了进入中国内地传教的特权后,传教士便大量进入内地建立教堂,发展教徒。传教士进入四川藏族聚居区后,租买土地,建立教堂,创办教会学校,建立医院诊所和慈善机构等。教会学校促进了西学在涉藏地区传播,打破了贵族垄断教育的局面,为涉藏地区提供了全新的学校教育模式;同时起着控制民众思想,为列强侵略提供合理性解释的作用。因此,要认清这种以慈善之名行传教剥削之实、扰乱社会秩序的侵略本质,但客观上对涉藏地区社会经济的发展也有一定的积极作用。

Tibetans areas of Sichuan was regarded as the main passage to Tibet for it adjoined to Tibet although the transportation was poor. For that reason it was one of the areas of high activity for Britain, French, Russian and other countries. Through unequal treaty,capitalist countries gained the privilege to enter mainland of China to make missionary work and a large number of missionaries built churches and developed christian. The missionaries rented and bought lands for building churches and mission schools, set up medical clinics and charity institutions in Tibetan areas of Sichuan. The mission schools promoted the spreading of west learning in the areas and that provided reasonable explanation for the invasion. Actually, the charity activities were the veil for their aggression nature the real aim was to exploit and disturb the social order, but objectively speaking, that had some active impact on social economical development in Tibetan areas.