从《悬崖之上》看张艺谋电影的多维创新

On the Multidimensional Innovation of Zhang Yimou’s Films:Taking“Impasse”as an Example

长期以来,谍战片在中国电影产业格局中始终处于比较尴尬的位置:前有言情、励志、动画以及众多小品网剧抢占舆论热点和年轻市场,后有战争、科幻等旗帜鲜明的“硬核电影”运用高技术力的视觉冲击带给观众极度沉浸感。谍战片对悬疑设置、演员表现和镜头使用等方面要求较高,平庸之作难以出彩。而2021年张艺谋导演的作品《悬崖之上》则杀出五一档重围。作为第五代导演代表人物之一的张艺谋从影三十余年来素以场面调度、色彩运用和极具个性的风格化叙事为观众所熟知。《悬崖之上》是他导演生涯拍摄的首部谍战片,该片对张艺谋往昔电影中的诸多维度进行了调整与改良,为中国谍战片发展提供了新的思路和角度。文章从内容与主题、导演风格、演员选择与片中表现、叙事结构和预想嵌入等维度对张艺谋在这部电影中作出的创新进行分析,解读《悬崖之上》在五一上映期间亮眼表现背后中国谍战片的发展机遇。

For a long time, espionage films have always occupied an awkward position in the pattern of China’s film industry. In the past, romance, inspirational, animation and many sketch online dramas seized the public hotspots and the young market;then war, science fiction and other distinctive "hardcore" films apply the visual impact created by high-tech power to bring extreme immersion to the audience.Referring to espionage films, there are high requirements for suspense setting, actors’ performance and lens utility, so mediocre works are difficult to stand out. In 2021, the film "Impasse" directed by Zhang Yimou broke through the siege of movies released on May 1 International Labor Day. As one of the representatives of the fifth generation of directors, Zhang Yimou has been well known to the audience for more than 30 years due to his strong scene control, perfect color application and vivid narration characterized by his own style. The film "Impasse"is the first espionage film he made in his directing career. This film has adjusted and improved many dimensions of Zhang Yimou’s past films, and provided new ideas and perspectives for the future development of Chinese espionage films. This paper analyzes the innovation made by Zhang Yimou in this film from the aspects of content, theme, directing style, actor selection and their performance, narrative structure and expectation embedment, so as to interpret the developmental opportunity of Chinese espionage films based on the good feedback of "Impasse" during May Day holiday.