岳石文化城邑的考古学观察

Archaeological Observation on the Cities of Yueshi Culture

就城址形态来看,经由考古工作确认的岳石文化城邑可分为围垣城邑和环壕城邑两大类别。目前确凿的围垣城邑有山东济南城子崖、邹平丁公、菏泽十里铺北等数处,山东淄博桐林、济南榆林、阳谷景阳岗等也可能存在该时期的围垣城邑。山东桓台史家、烟台庙后、烟台照格庄、江苏连云港藤花落等聚落为环壕城邑。海岱地区二里头时代的这些以不同方式构建且呈现出不同形态的城邑系社会复杂化的物质表征,在本文化区龙山时代聚落结构、筑城技术、城防体系、社会组织的基础上又有新的发展,是海岱地区早期文明化进程的重要组成部分,在当时的文化演进与社会发展过程中扮演着重要角色,对本区后世城邑的营建产生了影响。

As far as the site morphology is concerned, cities of the Yueshi Culture identified archaeologically can be divided into two categories: walled cities and moated cities. According to the existing archaeological records, walled cities with solid evidences include Chengziya site in Jinan, Dinggong site in Zouping, Shilipubei site in Heze, etc., meanwhile in other locations such as Tonglin in Zibo, Yulin in Jinan and Jingyanggang in Yanggu, walled cities sites are likely to exist. In the premise of accurate materials, moated cities include the settlements at Shijia site in Huantai, Miaohou site and Zhaogezhuang site in Yantai, and Tenghualuo site in Lianyungang. In the Hai-Dai region, these cities from the Erlitou period were constructed in different ways and took on different forms, as physical manifestations of social complexity, which represent further advances on the basis of Longshan period cities in the aspects of settlement structures, city construction techniques, defense systems and social organizations. They are seen as an important part in the early process of civilization in the Hai-Dai region, and play a significant role in the cultural evolution and social development at that time, with a possible influence on the construction of later cities in this area.