公共卫生害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂抗性现状及合理使用策略

Resistance Status of Sanitary Pests to Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Reasonable Application Strategies

蚊虫、家蝇、蟑螂等卫生害虫严重危害人畜健康。新烟碱类杀虫剂具有传统杀虫剂(有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类)不可比拟的优势,其作用于昆虫的乙酰胆碱受体,具有高效、低毒,对哺乳动物安全等特点。该类杀虫剂不仅可用于防治农业害虫,也可以防治卫生害虫。新烟碱类杀虫剂在卫生害虫防治领域具有广阔的应用前景。害虫对药剂的抗性是一种不可避免的现象,新烟碱类杀虫剂也不例外。目前我国野外卫生害虫种群对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗药性的报道较少。笔者综述新烟碱类药剂在国内外卫生领域的研究、应用、抗性现状、抗性机制与交互抗性,并提出新烟碱类杀虫剂在卫生领域合理使用策略。

Sanitary pests,including mosquitoes,houseflies,cockroaches,etc.,threaten the health of human and animals.Neonicotinoid insecticides have incomparable advantages over the other traditional insecticides(organophosphates,carbamates,pyrethroids).Neonicotinoid insecticides,targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in insects,are highly efficient,low toxic,and friendly to mammals.Neonicotinoids are widely used in controlling agricultural and sanitary pests.It is inevitable for insects to evolve resistance to insecticides,including neonicotinoids.So far,there are few reports about field health pest populations with resistance to neonicotinoids.This article reviews the application,current resistance status,resistance mechanism and cross-resistance of neonicotinoid insecticides in controlling sanitary pests,proposing some suggestions for reasonable application of this kind of insecticide.