“名士”“侠士”“居士”“道士”——浅论明清才女的性别面具

"The Socialite","the Chivalrous","the Kulapati",and"the Taoist":on gender mask of talented women in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期涌现出中国古代文学史、艺术史上最庞大的“才女”群体。在这场“才女的盛宴”中,女性写作与艺术创作取得了令人瞩目的成就,这固然在一定程度上彰显出女性主体意识的觉醒与自我价值的追寻,但社会价值体系基于性别的种种限制和约束仍广泛存在。才女们追求“名士”“侠士”“居士”“道士”等社会身份,究其实质是她们借以应对固有的社会体系,拓宽创作空间与生存空间的“性别面具”。

The largest group of"talented women"in the history of ancient Chinese literature and art emerged during Ming and Qing Dynasties.In this"feast of talented women",the mass carnival of women's writing and artistic creation made remarkable achievements.To a certain extent,this showed the awakening of women's subjective consciousness and their pursuit of individual values,however,the limitations and constraints of social value system based on gender were still widespread and profound.The"talented women"often addressed themselves as"the socialite","the chivalrous","the kulapati",and"the Taoist".The nature of these ideas was that they took"gender mask"as a measure to cope with the inherent social system in order to broaden their creative space and living space.