河南地区仰韶文化庙底沟期遗存的发现与研究

On the archaeological discoveries of the Miaodigou phase of the Yangshao Culture in Henan

仰韶文化是中原文明起源和发展的关键阶段,其社会形态在庙底沟期完成了从简单的平等社会到复杂社会的重要转变。河南地区是仰韶文化庙底沟期遗存分布最集中、典型文化因素表现最充分、发展序列最完善、阶段性变化最显著的地区之一。对河南地区经过正式考古发掘的40多处仰韶文化庙底沟期遗址的分析和研究成果显示,这一时期在生业经济和手工业生产等方面取得了长足发展,不同区域庙底沟期的文化面貌和社会发展程度存在一定差异,以三门峡为核心的豫西区域是河南地区在仰韶文化庙底沟期社会复杂化进程的引领者,灵宝西坡等中心聚落从出现到聚落布局发生根本性变化,见证了这一时期社会关系的聚合与分化。

The Yangshao culture was crucial for the origin and development of the Huaxia civilization.During the Miaodigou phase, the Yangshao society developed from the egalitarian level to the complex level.Henan was one of the most important regions regarding the Yangshao culture, as revealed in its very dense settlements, remarkably typical cultural characteristics and a complete sequence. According to discoveries and research of more than 40 excavated sites of the Miaodigou phase in Henan, great developments were made in husbandry and production, while regional differences were in existence. The western Henan region,centering Sanmenxia, was the pioneer in the social-complexity process of the Yangshao society in Henan. The emergence and transformation of the Lingbao head settlement was the witness to the social change then.