舍饲条件下南疆地方品种绵羊的被毛品质研究

Study on the fur quality of southern Xinjiang local breed sheep under stall-feeding condition

为了提高羊毛品质,为羊毛生产提供理论依据,试验以平原型和田羊、山区型和田羊和卡拉库尔羊为试验动物,检验毛纤维的类型、产毛量、伸直长度、净毛率以及各类型毛纤维含量、细度、色泽等指标并通过扫描电镜观察毛纤维鳞片结构,分析以上3个品种羊毛纤维的生长规律。结果表明:根据羊毛纤维特点将其分为绒毛、粗毛和两型毛三类。在3个品种羊中,卡拉库尔羊产毛量和净毛率最高,但羊毛伸直长度最短,与平原型和田羊比较净毛率差异显著(P<0.05)。卡拉库尔羊与山区型和田羊比较粗毛含量差异极显著(P<0.01),并且和田羊品种内比较粗毛含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。山区型和田羊与卡拉库尔羊比较粗毛细度差异显著(P<0.05),和田羊品种内比较粗毛细度差异不显著(P>0.05),和田羊品种内比较两型毛细度差异显著(P<0.05)。与卡拉库尔羊比较,和田羊绒毛细度、鳞片密度、纤维直径均较小,粗毛则相反;和田羊两型毛的纤维直径大于卡拉库尔羊,两者干死毛纤维直径大小接近;和田羊的纤维鳞片较卡拉库尔羊厚。说明3种绵羊羊毛纤维鳞片结构复杂多变,平原型和田羊羊毛纤维细度和伸直长度优于山区型和田羊和卡拉库尔羊,在加工纺织品方面更具经济价值。

The aim of the study was to improve the quality of wool and provide a theoretical basis for wool production. The plain-type Hetian sheep, mountain-type Hetian sheep and Karakul sheep were used as the experimental animals. The indexes such as wool fiber type, wool yield, net wool rate, length, fiber content of each type, fineness, color were examined and the wool fiber scale structure was observed by scanning electron microscope. The wool fibers of the above three varieties were analyzed to find out the development rules. The results showed that according to the characteristics of wool fiber, wool could be divided into three categories: fine wool, coarse wool and two-type wool. Among the three varieties, Karakul sheep had the highest wool yield and net wool rate, but the shortest wool length, which was significantly different from plain-type Hetian sheep net wool rate(P<0.05). There was significant difference in coarse wool content between Karakul Sheep and mountain-type Hetian sheep(P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the content of coarse wool in Hetian sheep breeds(P>0.05);There was a significant difference in coarse wool fineness between mountain-type Hetian sheep and Karakul sheep(P<0.05), the difference in coarse wool fineness within Hetian sheep breeds was not significant(P>0.05) and the difference in wool fineness between the two types of Hetian sheep breeds is significant(P<0.05). Compared with Karakul sheep, Hetian sheep had smaller wool fineness, scale density and fiber diameter, but the coarse wool was the opposite. The fiber diameter of Hetian Sheep’s two types of wool was larger than that of Karakul Sheep, and the fiber diameter of dry dead wool was similar. The fiber scale thickness of Hetian sheep was thicker than that of Karakul Sheep. It indicated that the scale structures of the three kinds of sheep wool fibers were complex and changeable. The fineness and extension length of wool fiber of plain-type Hetian sheep were better than those of mountain-type Hetian sheep and Karakul sheep, and they had more economic value in processing textiles.