蔡清《虚斋看河图洛书说》初探

On Xuzhai’s Interpretation of Kanhe Luo Shu for Cai Qing

《虚斋看河图洛书说》涉及蔡清的易学成就。明成化、弘治年间,以蔡清为代表的一批"清源学派"学者,在泉州开元寺结社研究易学,其影响至为深远,有"今天下言《易》者,皆推晋江"的称誉。蔡清撰此著既是"羽翼程朱"之举,又有追溯文化源头完善自己易学思想体系之初衷。该书以朱熹《周易本义》之旨趣为依归,将阴阳五行即水、火、木、金、土五种物质,结合地支的子、卯、午、酉,对应河图的奇妙数阵,对理学开山周敦颐《太极图说》作出不支离且圆活浑成的阐释,还"易本是卜筮之书"的真实面目。理学家蔡清以"冬至子之半"及"天根""月窟"揭示阴阳转换之枢纽。蔡清作为"一位有名的易学家"(朱伯崑语),探索他的这一重要著作,对于厘清明清时代的易学嬗变当有补益。

Xuzhai’s Interpretation of Kanhe Luo Shu involves Cai Qing’s achievements in Yi ology.During the Chenghua and Hongzhi years of Ming Dynasty,a group of"Qingyuan School"scholars,represented by Cai Qing,formed an association in Kaiyuan Temple of Quanzhou to study the Yi-ology,which had a far-reaching influence and was praised as"today,those who talk about the Yi all are mainly from Jinjiang".This book is not only a"feathered Cheng Zhu"move,but also has the original intention to trace the cultural source and improve his own Yi-ology ideological system.According to the purport of Zhu Xi’s Zhouyi Benyi,the book combines the five elements of Yin and Yang,namely water,fire,wood,gold and earth,with the Zi,Mao,Wu and You of Dizhi,corresponding to the wonderful array of Hetu.It makes an inseparable and complete interpretation of Zhou Dunyi’s Taiji Tu Shuo,the founder of Neo Confucianism,and returns the true face of"the book of changes is a Book of divination".Cai Qing,a Neo Confucianist,revealed the pivot of the transformation of Yin and Yang by"Ziban of Winter Solstice"and"Tiangen"and"Yueku".As a famous Yi scholar,Cai Qing’s exploration of this important work is helpful to clarify the evolution of Yi learning in Ming and Qing Dynasties.