中国企业创新的就业效应--“创造”还是“破坏”

The Impact of Chinese Firm Innovation on Employment:"Creation"or"Destruction"

企业创新的创造性破坏效应对就业动态的影响一直是实证分析的主题。本文在拓展了HJMP模型基础上,利用全国创新企业调查数据并测度多种企业创新方式,实证考察了中国企业不同创新方式对就业的影响,并探究了产生就业效应的内在机制问题。研究发现:中国企业产品创新对就业产生显著正向影响,而不同方式的企业过程创新对就业有不同的影响。具体而言,在技术效率增进阶段,企业过程创新有显著的就业破坏效应;而在技术创新阶段,企业过程创新对就业具有显著的就业创造效应,但破坏效应明显强于创造效应。机制检验表明,企业创新通过生产率调整和市场需求规模变化渠道对劳动就业产生影响。上述发现为理性认识企业创新与劳动就业的关系,并在此基础上引导企业走创新驱动发展道路提供有益启示,对我国创新驱动与高质量就业的战略发展也具有现实指导意义。

Constructing a model on the basis of HJMP,this paper uses the data of scientific and technological activities of Chinese industrial firms and measures a variety of firm innovation variables,empirically examines the impact of different innovations of Chinese firms on employment,and analyzes the internal mechanism of employment effects.The study found that product innovation in Chinese companies has a significant positive impact on employment,while the impact of different process innovations on employment is alienated.Specifically,in the stage of technological efficiency improvement,process innovation has a significant employment destruction effect;while in the stage of technological innovation,process innovation has a significant employment creation effect on employment,but the destruction effect is significantly stronger than the creation effect.The mechanism test shows that firm innovation has an impact on labor employment through the channels of productivity and market demand changes.The above findings provide a rational understanding of the relationship between Chinese corporate innovation and labor and employment,and on this basis,the government guides corporate innovation and corporate innovation-driven development,and provides useful enlightenment.At the same time,it has practical significance for the strategic development of China's realistic innovation-driven and high-quality employment.