机器人辅助关节置换手术——一项关乎现在和未来的新兴技术

Robot-assisted joint arthroplasty——An emerging technology of the present and the future

目的对机器人辅助关节置换手术的研究进展进行综述和评价。方法广泛查阅国内外关于机器人辅助关节置换手术的相关研究文献,对其优缺点、临床疗效和未来展望等进行总结。结果目前广泛认可的机器人辅助关节置换手术优势在于数字化、智能化的术前规划,精准化假体安装和量化的术中软组织平衡,以及良好的术后影像学假体对位和对线,但临床疗效优势仍存在争议。机器人辅助关节置换手术的缺点主要有机器人系统价格昂贵、手术时间延长、影像学依赖机器人系统的放射性损伤增加等。结论相较于传统手术,机器人辅助关节置换手术可提高假体位置的精准度、辅助量化评估软组织张力,且可重复性高。未来还需要进一步研究评估临床功能和假体生存率,以及优化机器人系统。

Objective To review and evaluate the research progress of the robot-assisted joint arthroplasty.Methods The domestic and foreign related research literature on robot-assisted joint arthroplasty was extensively consulted. The advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness, and future prospects were mainly reviewed and summarized.Results The widely recognized advantages of robot-assisted joint arthroplasty are digital and intelligent preoperative planning, accurate intraoperative prosthesis implantation, and quantitative soft tissue balance, as well as good postoperative imaging prosthesis position and alignment. However, the advantages of effectiveness are still controversial.The main disadvantages of robot-assisted joint arthroplasty are the high price of the robot system, the prolonged operation time, and the increased radioactive damage of the imaging-dependent system. Conclusion Compared to traditional arthroplasty, robot-assisted joint arthroplasty can improve the accuracy of the prosthesis position and assist in the quantitative assessment of soft tissue tension, and the repeatability rate is high. In the future, further research is needed to evaluate the clinical function and survival rate of the prosthesis, as well as to optimize the robot system.