人脑类器官在神经发育疾病研究中的应用

Application of brain organoids in investigating neurodevelopmental diseases

人脑类器官是由人多能干细胞(hPSC)包括人胚胎干细胞(hESC)和人诱导多功能干细胞(hiPSC)衍生而来的三维组织,能模拟人大脑的结构和功能,作为神经发育疾病的体外研究模型独具优势。本文将对神经疾病体外模型建立和发展的历程、脑类器官在神经发育疾病研究中的应用、相关前沿技术和脑类器官技术的结合等进行综述和展望。

Human brain organoids are self-assembled three-dimensional aggregates derived from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells(ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs). Brain organoids display the structures that resemble defined brain regions and simulate specific change of neurological disease, and have become an excellent model for investigating human neurodevelopmental diseases in vitro. In this paper, we will review the recent advances in the generation of brain organoids and the application of brain organoids in modeling major neurodevelopmental diseases, as well as the combination of cutting-edge technologies with brain organoids.