反贫困进程中人力资本提升的作用:综述与展望

The Role of Human Capital Improvement in the Anti-Poverty Process: A Review and Outlook

本文对近几十年有关人力资本与反贫困的相关文献进行了回顾、梳理和总结,认为人力资本理论与反贫困实际之间存在内在联系,指出人力资本对反贫困具有重要意义,提升人力资本是解决贫困问题的关键所在,人力资本的投资与积累能够有效缓解贫困代际传递和女性贫困问题;教育、健康、迁移等三种人力资本的投资形式都能够有效提升贫困人口的脱贫能力与脱贫质量,农村地区、城市地区、西部地区和民族地区等不同类型的地区中人力资本提升对反贫困的影响具有一定的差异;另外,扶贫实践中各类反贫困政策会反过来促进人力资本的提升。并基于以上结论推断未来可能的研究方向:构建更加完善的人力资本相关指标体系,探索多元化的研究方法和加强宏观层面研究,进一步扩展人力资本投资形式的研究范围以及拓展人力资本理论研究的国际视野。

This paper reviews and summarizes the literatures on human capital and anti-poverty in recent decades. There is an internal connection between human capital theory and anti-poverty reality, that human capital is important to anti-poverty. Improving human capital is the key to solving poverty problems. The investment and accumulation of human capital can effectively alleviate the intergenerational transmission of poverty and female poverty problems. The three forms of human capital, such as education, health and migration can effectively improve the poverty alleviation ability and quality of the poor. The impact of human capital improvement on anti-poverty has certain differences in different types of areas such as rural areas, urban areas, western areas and ethnic minority areas. Also various anti-poverty policies in poverty alleviation practices will promote the improvement of human capital. Based on the above conclusions, infer possible future research direction build a more perfect human capital related index system, exploring that diversified research methods and strengthen macro-level research, further expand the scope of research forms of human capital investment and expand the international vision of human capital theory research.