黄河沿岸“非粮化”耕地形态特征识别与优化调控研究

Morphological Characteristics Identification and Optimization of“Non-grain”Cultivated Land along Yellow River Basin

以黄河沿岸的河南省孟津县为例,从利用状况与坡度分布、景观格局与空间邻接、耕作距离与道路通达、经济梯度与生态安全等方面,对孟津县“非粮化”耕地的形态特征进行了系统识别。结果表明:孟津县耕地的“非粮化”空间与优质农业生产空间高度重叠,耕地的非食物化利用倾向明显,耕地向林地调整的比重过大。由于粮作耕地和非粮作耕地在劳动生产率上存在较大的差异,导致种植经济型作物的耕地规模偏小且较为分散,无法形成规模经济。交通工具缩短了农户的耕作路途时间,耕作距离对耕地“非粮化”的影响力度在下降,交通干线附近分布数量较多的即可恢复地类,与近几年的“廊道景观工程”建设密切相关。高经济梯度区的经济型撂荒占比较大,偏远地区农户对耕地的依赖程度相对较高。生态红线是维护区域生态安全的刚性底线,在生态红线之内,应积极实施“再野化”工程。结合新时期国家黄河生态战略,以建设复合型黄河生态廊道为目标,提出了不同区位、不同类型“非粮化”耕地的恢复调整方案。

Taking Mengjin County of Henan Province along Yellow River as an example,the morphological characteristics of“non-grain”cultivated land in Mengjin County were systematically identified from the aspects of utilization status and slope distribution,landscape pattern and spatial proximity,cultivation distance and road access,economic gradient and ecological security.The results showed that there was a high overlap between the“non-grain”space and the high-quality agricultural production space,the tendency of non-food utilization of cultivated land was obvious,and the proportion of the adjustment from cultivated land to forest land was too large.Due to the large difference in labor productivity between grain cultivated land and“non-grain”cultivated land,the scale of cultivated land for economic crops is relatively small and scattered,which can not form economies of scale.High-speed transportation shortens farmers'travel time for farming,and the impact of farming distance on the“non-grain”of cultivated land is decreasing.There are a large number of recoverable land near traffic trunk lines,which is closely related to the construction of“corridor landscape project”in recent years.Economic abandoned land accounts for a large proportion in economic gradient areas and farmers in underdeveloped areas have a relatively high degree of dependence on cultivated land.The ecological red line is the rigid bottom line for maintaining regional ecological security.Within the red line,the“rewilding”project should be actively implemented.Combined with the national ecological strategy of the Yellow River,and aiming at building the compound ecological corridor of the Yellow River,the restoration and adjustment schemes of different“non-grain”cultivated land in different locations and types were put forward.The research results can provide reference for the decision-making of land control work in the new period.