寄居与殖产风潮下的宋代任官避籍制度发展

On Development of the Avoidance System in Song Dynasty in the Trend of Temporary Lodging and Property Purchase

回避制度在中国东汉时期就已产生,随后发展成为避亲和避籍这两项制度。其中,避籍制度在宋代之前以本贯回避为主要内容。到了宋代,出现了官员寄居和殖产的风潮,深厚的政治背景使官员在非本贯寄居地的势力不逊于土著豪右,对地方的社会秩序和治理产生了不小影响。官员在仕宦和寄居过程中,出于维持家计及为子孙计的考量,往往广泛殖产,其产业分布广泛,不拘于本贯。针对这两个风潮,宋代避籍制度增加了相应的回避内容,以减少官员在治理地方过程中的私人因素影响,确保官员奉公守法。

The avoidance system was produced during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China,and then developed into two contents:kinship avoidance and native place avoidance.Before the Song Dynasty,the main content of native place avoidance was the avoidance of ancestral home.In the Song Dynasty,there was a trend of temporary lodging and property purchase.Officials relied on extensive political background forces to make their influence in non-conventional sojourns not inferior to that of indigenous tycoons,which exerted a considerable impact on local social order and local governance.In the process of serving as an official and living as a new-comer,for the sake of family maintenance and planning for the progenies,officials often purchased extensively,making the property spread out and not confined to the ancestral home.In response to these two trends,the avoidance system in the Song Dynasty added corresponding content to reduce the influence of officials′personal factors in the process of local governance,ensuring that officials respect justice and abide by the law.