外商直接投资、经济集聚与长江经济带城市水资源利用效率

On Urban Water Resources Utilization Efficiency Influenced by Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

水环境污染和水资源短缺是长江经济带生态文明建设面临的突出难题,提升水资源利用效率是解决长江经济带水环境污染和水资源短缺问题的迫切要求。基于长江经济带107个城市的数据,使用非期望产出超效率SBM模型对长江经济带的城市水资源利用效率进行测算,运用空间全局莫兰指数对外商直接投资、经济集聚与城市水资源利用效率的空间自相关性进行考察,并利用空间杜宾模型检验外商直接投资和经济集聚检验城市水资源利用效率的影响及空间溢出效应。研究结果表明,2003—2017年间长江经济带城市水资源利用效率的平均值为0.65,呈现下游城市高、上游城市次之、中游城市最低的分布格局;外商直接投资和经济集聚能够显著促进长江经济带城市水资源利用效率,外商直接投资存在正向空间溢出效应,经济集聚则产生负向空间溢出效应;外商直接投资和经济集聚的交互项对长江经济带城市水资源利用效率的影响不显著,且不存在空间溢出效应;外商直接投资和经济集聚的影响及空间溢出效应均存在显著的区域异质性;环境规制、产业结构和经济发展均是影响长江经济带城市水资源利用效率的重要因素。

Water environment pollution and shortage in water resources are the prominent problems facing the ecological civilization construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,which can be solved by improving the water resources utilization efficiency as an urgent measure.Based on the data of 107 cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,this paper uses the non-expected output Super-Efficiency SBM model,calculates the urban water resource utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,investigates the spatial self-correlation of foreign direct investment,economic agglomeration and water utilization efficiency by using spatial global Moran index,and uses the Spatial-Dupin-Model to study the influence of foreign direct investment and economic agglomeration on the utilization efficiency and space overflow effect.The result shows that from 2003 to 2017,the average urban water resource utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is 0.65 with the distribution pattern of high efficiency in the lower reaches,followed by the upper reaches and the lowest in the middle reaches.Foreign direct investment and economic agglomeration can significantly promote the efficiency of urban water resources utilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and there is a positive space spillover effect of foreign direct investment,while economic agglomeration exerts a negative spatial spillover effect.The interaction term of foreign direct investment and economic agglomeration has no significant impact on the urban water resources utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and there is no space spillover effect.The influence of FDI and economic agglomeration and the spatial spillover effect both show significant regional heterogeneity.Environmental regulation,industrial structure and economic development are all important factors affecting the urban water resources utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.