新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下高校护生职业认同现状及影响因素分析

Professional identity of nursing students in the context of COVID-19 outbreak:a cross-sectional study

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下高校护生职业认同水平现状及影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2020年1月至2月招募某高校年龄≥18周岁的在读本科护生。利用自行设计的问卷调查研究对象的一般人口学资料,采用PHQ-9抑郁症状筛查量表调查研究对象的抑郁水平,采用护生职业认同量表(PISNS)调查研究对象的职业认同水平。利用多元线性回归模型分析护生职业认同水平的影响因素,利用限制性立方样图(RCS)进一步分析抑郁和自我刻板印象与职业认同水平之间的非线性关系。结果最终获得有效问卷512份。研究对象年龄中位数20岁,四分位间距(IQR)19~21岁,31%的研究对象表现为轻度及以上抑郁症状。护生职业认同水平平均得分为3.71分(IQR3.24~4.12分)。其中参加暑期实践、参加医院见习/实习是护生职业认同水平的促进因素,而自我刻板印象得分是护生职业认同水平的阻碍因素,抑郁水平与护生职业认同水平的关系呈U型,当个体抑郁得分<10分时,抑郁得分越高,职业认同水平越低,当个体抑郁得分≥10分时,抑郁得分越高,职业认同水平越高。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下高校本科护生职业认同水平较高,护理教育者应重点关注护生的心理健康水平,采取有效提升护生心理健康的干预措施,最终提升其职业认同水平。

Objective To understand the professional identity(PI)of nursing students and its influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to recruit undergraduate nursing students aged≥18 from a university from January to February 2020.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general demographic data of the subjects,the depression level of the subjects was investigated by patient health questionnaire 9-item depression scale(PHQ-9),and the professional identity level of the subjects was investigated by professional identity scale for nursing students(PISNS).The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of professional identity level of nursing students,and the nonlinear relationship between depression,self-stereotype and professional identity level was further analyzed by using restricted cube spline(RCS).Results Finally,512 valid questionnaires were obtained,with a median age of 20 years old and interquartile range(IQR)19 to 21 years old,and 31%of the subjects had mild or higher depressive symptoms.The overall median PI score was 3.71(IQR:3.24-4.12)on a scale of 1 to 5.Summer vocation practice,and hospital internship were positively associated with PI,while the self-stereotype score was the hindering factor for the professional identity nursing students.The relationship between depression level and professional identity level of nursing students was U-shaped.When the individual depression score was below 10,the higher the depression score,the lower the professional identity level;when the individual depression score was 10 and over,the higher the depression score,the higher the professional identity level.Conclusion The PI among nursing students was high in the context of COVID-19 outbreak.Nursing educators should focus on the mental health level of nursing students,adopt effective intervention measures to improve their mental health,and ultimately improve their professional identity level.