不同睡眠时型对心理行为活动的影响及其作用机制

Impact of Chronotype on Psychological and Behavioral Activities and Its Underlying Mechanisms

长久以来,昼夜节律与人类身心健康的关系一直备受关注。受内外环境的影响,个体间的昼夜节律相对一致但又不尽相同,睡眠时型的差异即为其中一个典型表现。整体上,人的睡眠时型可分为清晨型、夜晚型和中间型,众多研究表明,清晨型是心理健康的重要保护因子,夜晚型则是对心理健康存在巨大威胁的风险因素。本文对近年来睡眠时型对个体心理行为活动影响方面的研究进行了整理和阐述,并从心理、生理(基因)和脑神经层面探讨了该影响背后的潜在作用机制,最后对未来发展提出展望。

Relations between human's circadian rhythms and mental health have been attracting much attention for decades.Due to the internal and external influencing factors,circadian rhythm expression differs among individuals.As one of the typical manifestations of rhythmic expression difference,chronotype(including morningness,eveningness and neither-type)has been attracting much more attention since the pioneering work of Horne and Ostberg.Numerous studies have shown that morningness is an important protective factor for mental health,while eveningness a risk factor for triggering potential psychological disorders.In this review,we aim to systematically summarize the influence of chronotype on individuals'mental and behavioral activities,and to further expound the potential mechanisms behind this effect,which include genetic,psychological and neural mechanisms.Suggestions are put forward for future research,such as focusing on the improvement of study design,increasing casual research,employing advanced neuroscience techniques to explore the mechanisms of how chronotype affects different populations,as well as strengthening intervention research to promote the transformation of experimental results into practical applications.