茄子对青枯病的抗性机制研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of Resistance Mechanism of Eggplant to Bacterial Wilt

茄子是世界上重要的蔬菜和经济作物,也是仅位于马铃薯、番茄、辣椒之后的第四大茄科作物;由茄科雷尔氏菌引起的茄子青枯病是当前茄子产业重要的毁灭性病害;国内外学者一直致力于茄子抗青枯病种质资源收集鉴评、创新利用、遗传定位、分子标记开发、功能基因挖掘、抗病育种应用等研究,茄子抗青枯病的分子机制研究是当今世界上植物抗病研究的热点和难点之一。文章在茄子主要的青枯菌致病类型、抗青枯病的细胞生物学机制、种质资源筛选与遗传规律研究、QTL定位与分子标记开发,抗病基因分离鉴定及功能研究以及基于多组学分析茄子抗青枯病基因挖掘的策略等方面的研究进行概述,系统阐述了当前茄子青枯病研究的现状。随着茄子基因组、重测序、转录组等多组学数据的完善,以及新兴分子生物学技术的发展,提出以栽培种茄子为抗源的种质资源创新和基因挖掘、基因编辑以及分子育种的研究和应用等发展方向,以期为进一步揭示茄子抗青枯病的分子机制研究和利用基因工程手段解决抗青枯病难题提供参考。

Eggplant is not only an important vegetable and economic crop in the world,but also the fourth largest Solanaceae crop just following potato,tomato and pepper.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith is an important devastating disease in the eggplant industry.Scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the selection,evaluation and innovation of eggplant germplasm resources against bacterial wilt,genetic mapping,molecular marker development,discovery of functional genes,application of resistance breeding.The molecular mechanism of eggplant’s resistance to bacterial wilt is one of the hotspots and difficulties in plant disease resistance research in the world.This article summarizes the researches on the main pathotypes of bacterial wilt,cell biological mechanisms of eggplant resistance to bacterial wilt,germplasm resource screening,QTL mapping and molecular marker development,isolation and identification of disease resistance genes and their functional studies,and the strategies for genes mining of eggplant’s resistance to bacterial wilt based on multi-omics analysis.In addition,the current situation of the study on eggplant bacterial wilt are described systematically.The research and application of germplasm resource innovation,gene mining,gene editing and molecular breeding with cultivated eggplant as the resistance source is proposed with the improvement of multi-omics data of eggplant genome,re-sequencing and transcriptome and the development of emerging molecular biotechniques,with a view to providing a reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of eggplant’s resistance to bacterial wilt and solving the problem of bacterial wilt resistance by genetic eng ineering.