海南省三亚地区2019—2020年妊娠期糖尿病发生情况及与孕妇饮食行为的关系研究

Investigation on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus from 2019 to 2020 in Sanya City of Hainan Province and its association with dietary behaviors in pregnant women

目的调查海南三亚地区2019—2020年妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发生情况并研究其与孕妇饮食行为的关系。方法以2019年1月—2020年12月在海南三亚地区2家医院产科建档行定期规范产前检查的孕妇为研究对象,调查孕妇的基本临床资料与饮食行为情况,采用单因素分析、多因素分析方法分析孕妇饮食行为与GDM发病的关系。结果20086名孕妇中,GDM患者3173例,GDM发生率为15.80%。高龄(OR=3.812)、孕前体质量指数(BMI)高(OR=2.473、2.975)、有糖尿病家族史(OR=2.730)、甜食食用频率高(OR=1.394、1.723)、每日水果摄入量多(OR=1.342、1.387、1.458)、精制谷物比例高(OR=1.357)、高脂食品摄入频率高(OR=1.510)的孕妇发生GDM的可能性较大,日运动时间≥1 h(OR=0.435)的孕妇发生GDM的可能性较小。结论海南三亚地区GDM发生率较高,其发生与孕妇饮食行为有关,甜食与高脂食品摄入频率过高、每日水果摄入量过多、主食过于精制是GDM的危险因素,每日运动时间≥1 h是GDM的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)from 2019 to 2020 in Sanya City of Hainan Province and its association with dietary behaviors in pregnant women.Methods Pregnant women who underwent archives construction and regulated prenatal examinations in the obstetrics department of two hospitals in Sanya City of Hainan Province from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study.The basic clinical data and dietary behaviors of pregnant women were investigated,and the association between eating behaviors of pregnant women and the onset of GDM was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Out of 20086 pregnant women,a total of 3173 pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM,with the incidence of GDM of 15.80%.Older age(OR=3.812),higher body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy(OR=2.473,2.975),family history of diabetes(OR=2.730),higher frequency of sweet food intake(OR=1.394,1.723),and higher amount of daily fruit intake(OR=1.342,1.387,1.458),the higher the proportion of refined grains(OR=1.357),and higher frequency of high-fat food intake(OR=1.510)were more likely to develop GDM,daily exercise time≥1 h(OR=0.435)was less likely to develop GDM.Conclusion The incidence of GDM is relatively high in Sanya City in Hainan Province,and its occurrence is related to the dietary behavior of pregnant women.Excessive intake of sweets and high-fat foods,excessive daily fruit intake,and excessive refined staple foods are risk factors for GDM,while daily exercise time≥1 h is its protective factor.