气孔在不同植物叶片上的分布研究

Stomata Distribution in Leaves of Different Plants

以刮片法研究了10种木本植物、10种草本植物以及2种水生植物叶片上、下表皮的气孔数量。结果表明:木本植物叶片的气孔均分布在下表皮,上表皮没有气孔;双子叶草本植物叶片的气孔在上、下表皮均有分布,其中上表皮的气孔数量少于下表皮;单子叶草本植物叶片的气孔主要分布于下表皮,少数单子叶草本植物叶片的上表皮有少量气孔分布;浮叶型水生植物叶片的气孔仅分布于上表皮,下表皮无气孔分布;挺水植物叶片的气孔在上下表皮均有分布,且下表皮的数量多于上表皮。另外,同一物种幼嫩叶片的气孔密度普遍大于成熟叶片;木本植物树冠外层叶片的气孔密度高于树冠内层叶片;木本植物叶的气孔密度通常大于草本植物;说明环境因素对植物叶片气孔密度的影响较大。

In this study,stomata of upper and lower epidermis of 10 species of woody plants,10 species of herbaceous plants and two aquatic plants were studied by using scraping method.The results showed that the stomata of arbors and shrubs were distributed only in the lower epidermis,and there was no stoma in the upper epidermis.The stomata of dicotyledonous herbaceous plants were distributed both in the upper and lower epidermis,and the upper epidermis had less stomata than the lower epidermis.Except for a few species,the stomata of monocotyledonous herbs mainly distributed in the lower epidermis.The floating-leaf aquatic plant had stomata only in the upper epidermis,and no stoma in the lower epidermis.The emergent plant had stomata in both upper and lower epidermis,with more in the lower epidermis.In addition,young leaves in this study universally had denser stomata than mature leaves of a same species.In woody plants,outer canopy had higher stomata density than inner canopy.Besides,leaves of woody plants had denser stomata than herbs.Obviously,environmental factors exerted great effects on plant’s stomata density.