江湖关系的历史和未来

The history and future of the relationship between the Yangtze River and connected lakes

江湖关系是长江大保护中一对重要的关系,本文从历史文献、地质、考古的角度论证了江湖关系的变迁,剖析了其变化的主要原因,详细分析了1949年以来江湖关系变化的情况,提出维持江湖关系基本格局的必要性,认为处理江湖关系应以“维持格局,长期监测,修复生态,工程辅助,江湖库三利”为基本原则,并在水库优化调度、荆江河道岁修、洞庭湖三口清淤、两湖入江水道整治、开展生态调度、珍稀水生生物放流、水文与水生动植物耦合关系研究及泥沙监测研究等8个方面,提出了近期需采取的主要措施。可为长江大保护工作的开展提供新的思路。

The river-lake relationship is one of the most important relationships in the protection of the Yangtze River.This paper systematically demonstrates the changes of river-lake relationship in the Yangtze River basin during the past million years based on the study of historical documents,geology and archaeolo⁃gy,and analyzes the main reasons of the changes in the relationships.The necessity for maintain the basic patterns of the relationship is proposed,and it should put forward as the principles of maintain the status,long-term monitoring,ecological restoration,engineering assistance,and benefits for all the river,lakes and reservoirs.Moreover,reservoir optimal operation,annual repair of the Jingjiang River channel,desilt⁃ing of three outlets of the Dongting Lake,regulation the channel of two lakes,Dongting and Poyang,enter⁃ing the river,ecological regulation,aquatic organism release,coupling relationship between hydrology and aquatic plants and sediment monitoring are the main measures should be taken in the future.The study re⁃sults provide a new idea for the Yangtze River protection work.