云南个旧他白地区拉丁尼克晚期—诺利克期变质玄武岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

Geochemical Features and Geological Significance of Late Ladinian-Norian Meta-basalt in Tabai Area of Gejiu, Yunnan, China

云南个旧地区位于华南板块西南部,扬子地台与华南加里东地槽过渡带的海西印支期右江陆缘裂谷盆地西南部的一个断陷盆地内。云南个旧他白地区拉丁尼克晚期—诺利克期变质玄武岩地质、地球化学特征表明,该岩石受比较强烈的区域构造影响,岩石变质作用较强。岩石以低Si,富集不相容元素(Ti、P、K等),贫MgO、CaO为特征,主要为高钛碱性玄武岩。微量元素表现为异常低的Rb、Ba含量,Sr严重亏损,以及Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf、Th含量较高的特点,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩微弱的地壳混染特点相似。稀土元素表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,具弱的正Eu异常。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明,个旧他白地区变质玄武岩主要来自原始地幔,并落于洋岛玄武岩区域,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩同源。因此,推测三叠纪扬子地块的伸展作用以及思茅地块对扬子地块的俯冲作用,诱导峨眉山地幔柱头部重新进行了一次低程度的部分熔融,由于地幔柱活动的影响持续时间较长,部分地区地幔柱活动能量较低,玄武质岩浆未喷出地表,形成岩浆房。个旧他白地区变质玄武岩是在地幔柱岩浆活动中心部位相对较弱的阶段,特别是在地幔柱活动中心的边缘地带、岩石圈较厚、熔融程度相对较低的条件下形成的,晚三叠纪岩浆房再次喷发形成玄武岩。

Gejiu area in Yunnan is located at a faulted depression basin in the southwestern of Youjiang continental margin rift basin, which is the transitional zone between Yangtze platform and South China Caledonian geosyncline, and the tectonic location is in the southwestern South China. The geology, geochemistry of Late Ladinian-Norian meta-basalt in Tabai area of Gejiu, Yunnan indicate that these basalts have undergone strong metamorphism because of regional dynamic tectonics. The meta-basalts are characterized by low contents of silica, calcium, magnesium, and enrichment of incompatible elements(Ti, P, K, etc.). They can be classified as high-Ti alkaline basalts. The trace elements are characterized by extremely low contents of Rb and Ba, severely depletion in Sr and enrichment in Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, which is similar to the weak crustal contamination of the Emeishan high-Ti basalt. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern shows LREE enrichment and weak positive Eu anomaly. The Sr-Nd isotopes suggest that meta-basalts in Tabai area of Gejiu are mainly from the primitive mantle and fall in the oceanic island basalts(OIB), which are of the same origin as Emeishan high-Ti basalts. Emeishan mantle plume activity has ended in Late Permian. Therefore, the stretching of Yangtze massif in Triassic and the subduction of Simao massif to Yangtze massif induce Emeishan mantle plume stigma to a low degree of partial melting. Because the influence of mantle plume activity lasts for a long time, the energy of mantle plume activity is low in some areas, the basaltic magma does not erupt to the surface and forms magma chamber. Meta-basalts in Tabai area of Gejiu are formed in the relatively weak stage of the center of mantle plume magma activity, especially in the edge zone of mantle plume activity center, the relatively thick lithosphere, and low melting degree. The magma chamber activity in Late Triassic re-erupts and forms basalt.