蓝舌病在全球的流行及分布

Prevalence and Distribution of Bluetongue Disease Across the World

蓝舌病(bluetongue,BT)是由蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)引起的一种烈性传染病,主要通过易感动物移动、易感动物聚集、病毒基因重配以及强大的传播媒介等4个因素在全球长时期传播流行。自20世纪初发现BT以来,BT持续在全球流行,欧洲是重灾区;BTV血清型复杂,全球各大洲均有多种血清型分布流行,目前已陆续鉴定出29个BTV血清型。进入21世纪后,受全球气候变暖、畜产品贸易等因素影响,BT全球流行范围继续扩大。面对严峻的BT流行形势,需要采取加强进出口检疫和易感动物流动监管,建设无规定动物疫病生物安全隔离区,以及实施有效的预防接种制度等综合措施。

Bluetongue(BT) is a severe infectious disease caused by bluetongue virus(BTV),which is distributed and prevalent across the world through four factors including movement and gathering of susceptible animals,rearrangement of virus genes and strong vectors.Since the early 20th century when BT was firstly found,it has been continuously prevalent all over the world,especially in Europe;with a variety of complex serotypes,there are multiple serotypes BTV distributed and prevalent in all continents of the world.At present,29 BTV serotypes have been successively identified.With the approach of the 21st centuty,BT was increasingly spreading as affected by global warming,animal product trade and other factors, which should be controlled by taking comprehensive measures including strengthening import and export quarantine and supervision for susceptible animals,establishing specified animals disease free compartments and implementing effective vaccination system.