美国非木质林产品管理体系与启示

Non-timber Forest Products Management System in the United States of America and Its Enlightenment

非木质林产品是用途广泛且具有重要经济、社会、文化和生态价值的重要生物资源。文中梳理美国与非木质林产品资源管理相关的各级机构和法规政策;总结美国在非木质林产品管理方面的特点,如多级政府管理体系、关注原住民权益以及法律责任明确等;分析其现存的一些不足,如总体法律框架模糊、缺乏跨地区和跨国界跟踪机制以及缺乏生物信息和采集技术等;基于此提出完善我国非木质林产品管理体系的建议,以期为同领域的管理机构和研究部门提供借鉴。

Non-timber forest products are the important biological resources with a wide range of uses and important economic, social, cultural and ecological values. This paper summarizes the institutions, regulations and policies at different levels in the United States which involve the non-timber forest product resource management, and analyzes the characteristics of the non-timber forest product management in there, such as multi-level government management system, the concern on the rights and interests of indigenous and tribal peoples, and clear legal responsibilities, and concludes some existing problems like the vague legal framework, lack of cross-regional and cross-border tracking mechanisms, and lack of biological information and harvest technologies. Based on the analyses, we put forward the suggestions for improving the management system of non-timber forest products in China, with the aim to provide references for relevant management institutions and research organizations.